Correct Answer) C: Umayyad Caliphate

Description:

Muhammad bin Qasim was born around 695 AD. He belonged to the Saqqafi tribe; that had originated from Taif in Arabia. He grew up in the care of his mother; he soon became a great asset to his uncle Muhammad Ibn Yusuf, the governor of Yemen. His judgment, potential and skills left many other officers and forced the ruler to appoint him in the state department. He was also a close relative of Hajjaj bin Yousuf, because of the influence of Hajjaj, the young Muhammad bin Qasim was appointed the governor of Persia while in his teens, and he crushed the rebellion in that region. There is also a popular tradition that presents him as the son-in-law of Hajjaj bin Yousuf. He conquered the Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus River for the Umayyad Caliphate.
Source:
https://historypak.com/muhammad-bin-qasim/

Correct Answer) A: Shah Jahan

Description:

Jahanara Begum (23 March 1614 – 16 September 1681) was a Mughal princess and later the Padshah Begum of the Mughal Empire from 1631 to 1658 and again from 1668 until her death. She was the second and the eldest surviving child of Emperor Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. After Mumtaz Mahal's untimely death in 1631, the 17-year-old Jahanara took her mother's place as First Lady (Padshah Begum) of the Mughal Empire, despite the fact that her father had three other wives. She was Shah Jahan's favourite daughter, wielded major political influence during her father's reign, and has been described as "the most powerful woman in the empire" at the time. Jahanara was an ardent partisan of her brother, Dara Shikoh, and supported him as her father's chosen successor. During the war of succession which took place after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657, Jahanara sided with the heir-apparent Dara and ultimately joined her father in Agra Fort, where he had been placed under house arrest by Aurangzeb. A devoted daughter, she took care of Shah Jahan till his death in 1666. Later, Jahanara reconciled with Aurangzeb who gave her the title 'Empress of Princesses' and replaced her younger sister, Princess Roshanara Begum, as the First Lady. Jahanara died unmarried during Aurangzeb's reign.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahanara_Begum

Correct Answer) B: Lord Linlithgow

Description:

On 15 June Churchill invited Wavell to dinner and offered him the Viceroyalty of India in succession to Linlithgow. Lady Wavell joined him in London on 14 July, when they took up a suite at the Dorchester. Shortly afterwards it was announced that he had been created a viscount (taking the style Viscount Wavell of Cyrenaica and of Winchester, in the county of Southampton) He addressed an all-party meeting at the House of Commons on 27 July, and on 28 July took his seat in the House of Lords as "the Empire's hero". In September, he was formally named Governor-General and Viceroy of India.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell

Correct Answer) D: Emperor Raja Purushothama (Purus)

Description:

Alexander dismantled and reused the same vessels which were used for crossing the Sind, some 300 km away. Small scale intrusion-attempts were frequently mounted and even before the battle had started, there were skirmishes in river-islands with Porus' army who maintained guard. The exact strength of the armies might be never known, due to major discrepancies in sources. After some days, Alexander decided on crossing via the headlands which were forested and provided cover for transit; the base camp with cavalry and infantry was left under Craterus and Alexander accompanied the striking force. They were tasked with this crossing whilst mercenaries were distributed along the length of the river under three phalanx officers to distract Porus's forces. The strategy was successful and they crossed almost unobstructed, in a stormy night. After reaching the bank, Alexander's cavalry unit routed a band of advancing horsemen led by Porus' son (and even captured chariots) in what marked the commencement of the battle.
For more details visit:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porus

Correct Answer) C: Emperor Akbar

Description:

Attock Fort was built at Attock Khurd during the reign of Akbar from 1581 to 1583 under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi to protect the passage of the River Indus. Attock was briefly captured on 28 April 1758 by the Maratha Empire and became the northern boundary of the Maratha Empire. Ahmad Shah Durrani recaptured Attock and halted the Maratha advance in the north permanently after the Third Battle of Panipat. It featured a prominent role in Afghan-Sikh Wars during the Battle of Attock.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attock_Fort

Correct Answer) D: 1853

Description:

On 16th April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane, a distance of 34 km. It was operated by three locomotives, named Sahib, Sultan and Sindh, and had thirteen carriages. The first Railway Workshop was established at Jamalpur, near Munger, Bihar, in 1862. It gradually became one of the major industrial unit of India, with iron and steel foundries, rolling mills and more.

Correct Answer) A: Mohammad Ali Jauhar

Description:

The Khilafat movement or the Caliphate movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Abul Kalam Azad to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of the Muslims, as an effective political authority. It was a protest against the sanctions placed on the caliph and the Ottoman Empire after the First World War by the Treaty of Sèvres. The movement collapsed by late 1922 when Turkey gained a more favourable diplomatic position and moved towards Nationalism. By 1924 Turkey simply abolished the role of caliph.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khilafat_Movement

Correct Answer) B: Nur Jahan

Description:

Nur Jahan (1577 – 1645) was the twentieth (and last) wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir and is considered by historians to have been the real power behind the throne for much of her husband's reign. Nur Jahan was born Mehr-un-Nissa, the daughter of a Grand Vizier (Minister) who served under Akbar. Nur Jahan, meaning 'Light of the World', was married at age 17 to a Persian soldier Sher Afgan, governor of Bihar, an important Mughal province. She was a married woman when Prince Salim (the future Emperor Jahangir), Akbar's eldest son, fell in love with her. Two years after Akbar died and Salim became Emperor, Sher Afgan met his death. However, three more years were to pass before a grieving Nur Jahan consented to marrying the Emperor Jahangir. Although Jahangir was deeply in love with Nur Jahan, their actual story bears no resemblance to the entirely fictional legend of Anarkali, a low-born dancing girl who, according to popular folklore and film-lore, had a tragic and doomed love affair with Jahangir.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_Jahan

Correct Answer) D: 1920

Description:

On 9th September 1920 the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College became the Aligarh Muslim University. Sultan Shah Jahan Begum was the first Chancellor of the University. A school for the blind was started in 1927 and a year later, a medical college was established in the university. By the end of the 1930’s, an engineering faculty was added to the university.

Correct Answer) D: Mahbub Alam

Description:

Mahbub (or Mahboob) Alam (1863-1933) was an Indian journalist and publisher who lived in Gujranwala. He was a pioneer in South Asian journalism, and in 1888 he founded the daily newspaper Paisa Akhbar (Penny Newspaper), which covered political and social news.
(According to wikipedia)

Correct Answer) B: Ameer Sadiq V

Description:

In 1953, the Nawab represented Pakistan at the installation of Faisal II of Iraq and at the coronation of Elizabeth II. In 1955 an accord was signed between Nawab Sadiq Muhammad and General Ghulam Muhammad Malik according to which Bahawalpur State became the part of the province of West Pakistan and [former] Nawab began to receive yearly stipend of 32 lakh rupees, maintained the title of Nawab and protocol inside and outside Pakistan. In May 1966 Nawab Sadiq, the last ruling Nawab of Bahawalpur died in London which ended his 59 year long reign; his dead body was brought to Bahawalpur and was buried in his ancestral graveyard of Derawer Fort. His eldest son Haji Muhammad Abbas Khan Abbasi Bahadur succeeded to his title of Nawab of Bahawalpur, but with no administrative or political power. Abbas's nephew Salah ud-Din Muhammad Khan currently holds the title of the Nawab.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahawalpur_(princely_state)

Correct Answer) C: Muiz ud din Bahram

Description:

Sultan Raziyyat-Ud-Dunya Wa Ud-Din (r. 1236–1240), popularly known as Razia Sultana, was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. She was the first female Muslim ruler of the subcontinent, and the only female Muslim ruler of Delhi. A daughter of Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, Razia administered Delhi during 1231–1232 when her father was busy in the Gwalior campaign. According to a possibly apocryphal legend, impressed by her performance during this period, Iltutmish nominated Razia as his heir apparent after returning to Delhi. Iltutmish was succeeded by Razia's half-brother Ruknuddin Firoz Shah, whose mother Shah Turkan planned to execute her. During a rebellion against Ruknuddin, Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan, and ascended the throne after Ruknuddin was deposed in 1236. She married one of the rebels – Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia – and attempted to regain the throne, but was defeated by her half-brother and successor Muizuddin Bahram in October that year, and was killed shortly after. Razia was killed on 15 October 1240. She remains the only Muslim woman to have sat upon the throne of Delhi. The grave of Razia is located at Mohalla Bulbuli Khana near Turkman Gate in Old Delhi.

Correct Answer) D: Army Frontier Corps

Description:

Bala Hissar is a historic fortress located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. First mentioned by 7th-century explorer Xuanzang, the fort was used as a royal residence for the Durrani Empire since December 1747, when Ahmad Shah Durrani conquered Peshawar. The Maratha Empire captured it after the Battle of Peshawar in 1758. The Sikhs reconstructed the fort after capturing Peshawar in March 1823. In 1849, the British East India Company reconstructed the fort's outer walls. The fort now serves as headquarters for Pakistan's Frontier Corps.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala_Hissar,_Peshawar

Correct Answer) A: Dr. Zakir Hussain

Description:

Indian National Congress had been pleading for free and compulsory Universal education. When Congress Ministries were elected in the provincial elections of 1937, it became the duty of Congress to implement it into action. However, it required huge amount of funds which was lacking. To solve this problem Mahatma Gandhi put forward his scheme of self supporting education. He placed his basic education system in the Wardha conference of 1937. A committee was appointed under the chairmanship of Dr. Zakir Hussain to formulate the scheme of basic education in India. The report submitted by the committee and published in March 1938, came to be known as Wardha scheme of education. The report included the Wardha scheme of education, its objectives, organisation of schools, their administration, and inspection, promotion of craft centered education like spinning, weaving etc. The second report included agriculture, woodcraft metal work, and other basic handicrafts.
Source:
https://neostencil.com/upsc-modern-history-wardha-scheme-basic-education-1937

Correct Answer) D: Bahadur Shah I

Description:

Emperor Nader Shah, the Shah of Persia (1736–47) and the founder of the Iranian Afsharid dynasty of Persia, invaded Northern India, eventually attacking Delhi in March 1739. His army had easily defeated the Mughals at the Battle of Karnal and would eventually capture the Mughal capital in the aftermath of the battle.
For more details visit:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nader_Shah%27s_invasion_of_India

Correct Answer) B: Bengal

Description:

The Faraizi movement was a movement led by Haji Shariatullah in Eastern Bengal to give up un-Islamic practices and act upon their duties as Muslims (fard). Founded in 1819, the movement protected the rights of tenants to a great extent.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraizi_movement

Correct Answer) A: 1881

Description:

A systematic and modern population census, in its present form was conducted non synchronously between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country. This effort culminating in 1872 has been popularly labeled as the first population census of India However, the first synchronous census in India was held in 1881. Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten year.

Correct Answer) C: Emperor Akbar

Description:

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. Akbar the Great was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. So Elizabeth I is the contemporary of Akbar.

Correct Answer) A: 1860

Description:

In 1860 Sir Syed wrote ‘The Loyal Mohammedans of India’. In this work he defended the Muslims from the British accusation that they were disloyal. He gave a detailed account of the loyal services rendered by the then Muslims and named various Muslims who had shown particular loyalty to the British.
Source:
https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-was-the-loyal-muhammadans-of-india/

Correct Answer) B: 15

Description:

Humayun, with his other brothers Askari and Hindal, marched to meet Sher Shah 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Agra at the battle of Kannauj on 17 May 1540. Humayun was soundly defeated. He retreated to Agra, pursued by Sher Shah, and thence through Delhi to Lahore. Sher Shah's founding of the short-lived Sur Empire, with its capital at Delhi, resulted in Humayun's exile for 15 years in the court of Shah Tahmasp I.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun

Correct Answer) C: 35

Description:

The Simla Deputation was a gathering of 35 prominent Indian Muslim leaders led by the Aga Khan III at the Viceregal Lodge in Simla in October 1906. The deputation aimed to convince Lord Minto, then Viceroy of india, to grant Muslims greater representation in politics. The deputation took advantage of the liberal values of the newly-appointed Minto and his Secretary of State, John Morley, following the election of the Liberals in the 1906 United Kingdom general election, as well as the willingness of the British and the Indian Muslims to cooperate – the British wanted to use Indian Muslims as a bulwark against the Indian National Congress and Hindu nationalism, while the Muslims, based in Aligarh Muslim University, wanted to use the opportunity to secure more political representation for themselves.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simla_Deputation

Correct Answer) A: Maulana Zafar Ali Khan

Description:

Zafar Ali Khan (1873– 27 November 1956) also known as Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, was a Pakistani writer, poet, translator and a journalist who played an important role in the Pakistan Movement against the British Raj. Apart from Islamic religious sciences, he was well-versed in the latest theories of economics, sociology and politics, and for his erudition as well as methods, is generally considered to be "the father of Urdu journalism." After graduation, Khan was appointed secretary to a Muslim political leader Mohsin-ul-Mulk, then in Bombay. Then he worked for some time as a translator in Hyderabad, Deccan, rising to the post of Secretary, Home Department. He returned from Hyderabad and launched his daily Zamindar newspaper from Lahore which was founded by his father Maulvi Sirajuddin Ahmad.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafar_Ali_Khan

Correct Answer) D: Cabinet Mission Plan

Description:

کیبنٹ مشن پلان، 1946ء
انتخابات 1946ء کے فوراً بعد حکومت برطانیہ نے ہندوستان کی گتھی سلجھانے اور انتقال اقتدار کے لیے راہ ہموار کرنے کی غرض سے تین وزرا پر مشتمل ایک مشن ہندوستان بھیجا۔ یہ مشن کیبنٹ مشن یا وزارتی مشن کے نام سے یاد کیا جاتا ہے۔ اس مشن میں مندرجہ ذیل تین وزرا شامل تھے۔
1۔ لارڈ پیتھک لارنس
2۔ سر سٹیفورڈ کرپس
3۔اے ۔ وی ۔ الیگزینڈر
وائسرے ہند لارڈ ویول کیبنٹ مشن کو The three Magi (تین میگی) کے نام سے پکارتے تھے۔ مشن کا اصل مقصد ہندوستان میں ایک عارضی حکومت کا قیام اورکانگرس اور مسلم لیگ کے درمیان موجود آئینی بحران کو ختم کراکے انتقال اقتدار کے لیے راہ ہموار کرنا تھا۔
مشن کو ہندوستان پہنچتے ہی وائسرائے ہند، صوبائی گورنروں، ایگزیکٹیو کونسل کے اراکین اور کانگرس اور مسلم لیگ کے لیڈروں کے ساتھ اپنی بات چیت کا سلسلہ شروع کیا۔ لیکن ان ملاقاتوں کا کوئی خاص نتیجہ برآمد نہ ہوا۔ اس لیے مشن نے شملہ کے مقام پر اہم سیاسی راہنماؤں کی ایک مشترکہ کانفرنس بلانے کا فیصلہ کیا۔ یہ کانفرنس 5 مئی 1946ء سے 12 مئی 1946ء تک شملہ میں منعقد ہوئی۔ اس کانفرنس میں آل انڈیا مسلم لیگ کی طرف سے قائد اعظم محمد علی جناح، لیاقت علی خان، نواب محمد اسماعیل خان اور سردار عبدالرب نشتر نے شرکت کی جبکہ کانگرس کی نمائندگیابوالکلام آزاد، پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو، ولہ بائی پٹیل اور خان عبدالغفار خان نے کی۔ دونوں سیاسی پارٹیوں کے مؤقف میں زمین آسمان کا فرق تھا۔ مسلم لیگ ہندوستان کی تقسیم چاہتی تھی جبکہکانگرس ہندوستان کی سالمیت پر آنچ آنے کے لیے کسی بھی قیمت پر راضی نہ تھی۔ کانفرنس کے اختتام پر ’’تین میگی‘‘ ان حالات سے دوچار تھے کہ وہ نہ تو مسلم لیگ کے مطالبے کو جائز قرار دے سکتے تھے اور نہ ہی کانگرس کی خواہش کو جائز کہہ سکتے تھے۔ اس لیے اس مشن نے 16 مئی 1946ء کو اپنی طرف سے ایک منصوبہ پیش کیا اس منصوبے کو ’’کیبنٹ مشن پلان‘‘ کہتے ہیں۔ اس منصوبے کی خاص بات یہ تھی کہ اس میں دونوں سیاسی پارٹیوں کے نقطہ نظر کو ایک خاص تناسب کے ساتھ شامل کیا گیا تھا۔ اس منصوبے کے دو حصے تھے۔ ایک قلیل المعیاد منصوبہ جس کے تحت ایک عبوری حکومت کا قیام عمل میں لانا تھا، دوسرا طویل المعیاد منصوبہ جس کے تحت کم از کم دس سال کے لیے ہندوستان کو تقسیم سے روکنا تھا۔
Read more: https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C_1946%D8%A1

Correct Answer) B: Calcutta

Description:

The Comrade was a weekly English-language newspaper that was published and edited by Mohammad Ali Jauhar between 1911 and 1914. Mohammad Ali was a forceful orator and writer, contributing articles to various newspapers including The Times, The Observer and The Manchester Guardian before he launched The Comrade. Produced on expensive paper, The Comrade quickly gained circulation and influence becoming famous even internationally, securing subscribers in several foreign countries. The paper, launched from Calcutta, shifted to Delhi, the newly announced capital of the Raj, in 1912 where the first issue of the Delhi edition appeared on 12 October. In 1913, in order to reach out to the Muslim masses, he started an Urdu daily, the Hamdard.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comrade

Correct Answer) A: 1916

Description:

میثاق لکھنؤ
کانگریس نے آغاز میں جداگانا انتخابات کے مطالبے کی سخت مخالفت کی تھی ۔
لیکن مسلمانو کو یہ حق مل جانے کے بعد اس کے رویے میں تبدیلی آگئی اور 1916ع میں قائد اعظم کی کوششوں سے مسلم لیگ اور کانگریس کے درمیان میثاق لکھنؤ ھوا جس کی رو سے کانگریس نے جداگانا انتخابات کے اصول کو تسلیم کر لیا اور کونسلوں میں مسلمانوں کی علیحدھ نشستیں مخصوص کرنے پر دونوں پارٹیوں میں ایک فارمولے پر اتفاق ھو گیا ۔
اور حکومت برطانیہ نے بھی 1919ع کی اصلاحات میں اس فارمولے کو شامل کر لیا